List of Practical’s
G.C.E (A/L) Biology
1) Parts and functions of the microscope , and using microscope to observe materials
2) Simple laboratory tests for the identification of reducing and non-reducing sugars ,starch ,proteins ,fats and oils.
3) Use of electron micrographs to understand the structure of cellular components.
4) Microscopic observation and identification of different types of plant tissues
5) Microscopic observation and identification of different types of animal tissues
6) Identification of different stages of mitosis and meiosis using microscopic slides
7) Laboratory experiment to demonstrate enzyme activity and to determine the rate of enzymatic reaction ( starch - amylase)
8) Determination of rate of photosynthesis by amount of oxygen released
9) Determination of rate of respiration using germinating seeds.
10) Observation of the characteristic features of typical Bacteria and Cyanobacteria
11) Observation of characteristic features of typical organisms of phyla Ciliophora, Rhizopoda, Bacillariophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta & Chlorophyta.
12) Observation of characteristic features of typical organisms of phyla Chytridiomycota , Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.
13) Observation of characteristic features of typical organisms of phyla Bryophyta, Lycophyta, Pterophyta, Cycadophyta, Coniferophyta, Anthophyta and classes Monocotyledoneae and Dicotyledoneae
14) Observation of characteristic features of the phyla Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda,Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda and Echinodermata and the external features of the typical organisms belonging to the classes of each of these phyla except Nematoda
15) Observation of characteristic features of typical organisms of classes Osteichthyes, Chondrichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia.
16) Study the basic histological structure of the alimentary canal of man and relates the major variations in different regions to their functions.
17) Study of human respiratory system using models/diagrams and observation of effects of exercise on respiratory rate and pulse rate.
18) Determination of solute potential of epidermal peels of Rhoeo
19) Determination of water potential of Colocasia petioles / Potato strips
20) Determination of rates of transpiration from leaves and shoots
21) Study the circulatory system of man using specimens/models/diagrams
22) Study of patterns of nervous systems in animals using models/ diagrams/charts
23) Study of selected sense organs of animals using diagrams / models /charts
24) Study the structure of the human eye and ear using diagrams /models/ charts
25) Study of major types of excretory organs in animals using models/diagrams and charts
26) Study of the gross structure of the human skull and vertebral column in relation to the functions of the various parts using models / diagrams /specimens
27) Study of the human pectoral and pelvic girdles and appendicular skeleton using specimens/ models/ diagrams
28) Microscopic examination of cross sections of root ,stem and leaf.
29) Study of male reproductive system using models or diagrams
30) Study of female reproductive system using models or diagrams
31) Study of cross section of primary stem and primary root of a Monocot and a Dicot
32) Microscopic and macroscopic examination of secondary structure of Dicotyledonous wood
33) Study of inheritance of some common Mendelian traits
34) Study of a small ecosystem and finding out the organization levels of the environment
35) Identification of different types of microorganisms and observation of bacteria and fungi
36) Practice techniques for sterilization of water, culture media, glassware, heat labile substances and inoculating needles.
37) Preparation of a simple culture medium (Nutrient Agar) and inoculation with a sample of toddy/ yoghurt.
38) Staining of bacteria found in toddy or yoghurt using a simple stain (Methylene Blue).
